Computer Wallpapers are desktop backgrounds set by a users preference. Most operating systems come with a default selection of wallpapers, but also have features to enable the user to set or assign their own. History Computer wallpapers started with the release of Windows 95, which was an upgrade from Windows 3.1. It was then seen as a feature on many other platforms including Unix GUI's (Gnome, KDE) and Mac OS.
Formats: Images used as computer wallpaper are usually raster graphics with the same size as the display resolution (for example 1024 x 768 pixels, or 1280 x 1024 pixels) in order to fill the whole background. Many screen resolutions are proportional, so an image scaled to fit in a different-sized screen will often be the correct shape, albeit that scaling may impact quality. PNG and Jpeg format are common. Users with widescreen(16:9) monitors have different aspect ratio requirements for wallpaper, although images designed for standard(4:3) monitors can often be scaled or cropped to the correct shape without loss of quality. Wallpapers are sometimes available in double-width versions (e.g. 2560 x 1024) for displaying on multi-monitor computers, where the image appears to fill two monitors. Digital Blasphemy is one of the main sources for multi-monitor wallpapers. Smaller images can be tiled (repeated) to fill large areas, and depending on how skilfully the wallpaper was created, the effect can look reasonably good. However, if the join is too obvious, or the image repeats too many times, it will look very repetitive
Styles Wallpaper styles are as varied as people themselves, using photographs, drawings, 3D renders or abstract pattern with complex gradients. It can be useful to have plain areas so that icons can be clearly seen atop the wallpaper. Typical categories can include cars, models and celebrities, holiday photos, abstract art, movies, pets and scenery. In business use, corporate logos or plain backgrounds are often specified by the IT department. When using rack mounted computers through a keyboard switch, it can often be useful to create a wallpaper with the computer's name on it, to easily identify which computer you're connected to.
Timed wallpapers Some operating environments (e.g. KDE) allow a number of different wallpapers to be used, and "rotated" to display a different wallpaper at different times, to display a random image from a directory. If the facility is not available in the OS' wallpaper settings, it may be possible to get an external program which can change the wallpaper at certain times. Active wallpapers Programs such as xplanet use internet connections and graphics calculations to change the wallpaper with real data, such as a shadowed view of the earth, the latest cloud or weather map, or various events. Some media players can redirect video playback to desktop, allowing using any video as a wallpaper.
Users often see things differently than programmers. People who use modern general purpose computers (as opposed to embedded systems) usually see three layers of software performing a variety of tasks: platform, application, and user software.
Platform software Platform includes the basic input-output system (often described as firmware rather than software), device drivers, an operating system, and typically a graphical user interface which, in total, allow a user to interact with the computer and its peripherals (associated equipment). Platform software often comes bundled with the computer, and users may not realize that it exists or that they have a choice to use different platform software.
Application software
Applications are what most people think of when they think of software. Typical examples include office suites and video games. Application software is often purchased separately from computer hardware. Sometimes applications are bundled with the computer, but that does not change the fact that they run as independent applications. Applications are almost always independent programs from the operating system, though they are often tailored for specific platforms. Most users think of compilers, databases, and other "system software" as applications.
User-written software
User software tailors systems to meet the users specific needs. User software include spreadsheet templates, word processor macros, scientific simulations, graphics and animation scripts. Even email filters are a kind of user software. Users create this software themselves and often overlook how important it is.
See also: Three-tier application, Software architecture.
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