Computer display Nineteen inch (48 cm) CRT computer monitorA computer display, monitor or screen is a computer peripheral device capable of showing still or moving images generated by a computer and processed by a graphics card. Monitors generally conform to one or more display standards. Sometimes the name "display" is preferred to the word "monitor", as the latter is perceived to be ambiguous alongside the other senses of "monitor" meaning "machine-level debugger" or "thread synchronization mechanism". Computer displays are sometimes called heads, especially when talking about how many are connected to a computer. Computer displays have also been known as visual display units or VDUs.
Technologies As with television, several different hardware technologies exist for displaying the actual image:
Cathode ray tube (CRT)
Liquid crystal display (LCD). They can receive TV and computer bands (SVGA, PAL, SECAM; NTSC).
Plasma display (rarely seen)
Video projector
A modern CRT display has considerable flexibility: it can often handle all resolutions from 640 by 480 pixels (640×480) up to 2048 by 1536 pixels (2048×1536) with 32-bit colour and a variety of refresh rates.
The sharpness of a display is described by its dot pitch. In general, the lower the dot pitch, (e.g. .24), the sharper the picture will be.
Early CRT-based VDUs without graphics capabilities gained the label "glass teletypes", because of the similarity to their electromechanical predecessors.
Black and white displays can only display one colour either as on or off. Monochrome displays can show only levels of a single colour. In both cases the display usually uses green, orange (amber) or gray (white).
computer monitorColour monitors may show either digital colour (each of the red, green and blue signals may be either on or off, giving eight possible colours: black, white, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta and yellow) or analog colour (red, green and blue signals are continuously variable allowing the display of any combination). Digital monitors are sometimes known as TTL because the voltages on the red, green and blue inputs are compatible with TTL logic chips.
Most modern computer displays can show thousands or millions of different colours in the RGB colour space by combining red, green, and blue dots in varying intensities. 3D surreal fantasy arts free flash animated screensavers wallpapers. Best Flash animated multimedia desktops in the net. Digital graphic design artist George Grie. Free fine artwork images gallery.
Some display technologies (especially LCD) have an inherent misregistration of the colour planes, that is, the centers of the red, green, and blue dots do not line up perfectly. Subpixel rendering depends on this misalignment, and was used by the Apple II in 1976 [1] (http://grc.com/ctwho.htm), and more recently by Microsoft (ClearType, 1998) and XFree86 (X Rendering Extension).
Moving texts can appear in italics, even when the display resolution is too low to show static italics: a fractional time delay causes an apparent corresponding shift of a fraction of a pixel.
Desktop environment In graphical computing, a desktop environment (DE) offers a complete graphical user interface (GUI) solution to operate a computer. The name is derived from the desktop metaphor used by most of these interfaces.
A DE provides icons, toolbars, applications, applets, and abilities like drag and drop. As a whole, the particularities of design and function of a desktop environment endow it with a distinctive look and feel.
On systems running the X Window System (typically Unix systems), the desktop environment is much more flexible. In this context, a DE typically consists of a window manager, a set of themes, and programs and libraries for managing the desktop. All of these individual modules can be exchanged and individually configured to achieve a unique combination, but most desktop environments provide a default configuration that requires minimal user input.
The desktop environments for the popular operating systems Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X are, in their intended use, relatively static. This assures a consistent user experience. However, there are alternative themes and third-party software that can completely change both the appearance of common interface elements such as windows, buttons and icons and the interface model itself (in Windows this is accomplished by replacing the default Explorer shell).
Not all of the program code that is part of a DE has effects which are directly visible to the user. Some of it may be low-level code. KDE, for example, provides so-called io slaves which give the user access to a wide range of virtual devices. These io slaves are not available outside the KDE environment.
Well-known desktop environments examples (specially for Unices), include GNOME, KDE, CDE and Xfce; however, a number of other desktop environments also exist, including (but not limited to): EDE, UDE, ROX Desktop, GEM, PerlTop, XPde, Xito, 4dwm and arm0nia.
Some window managers also include elements reminiscent of those found in desktop environments, most prominently Enlightenment.
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